Installing Perl Modules From CPAN

Introducing Perl Modules From CPAN There are a few different ways to introduce Perl modules from the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network on your Unix-based framework. There is in every case more than one approach to get things done with Perl, and this is the same. Before setting out on any establishment, download the module, unfasten it and look at the documentation. Most modules are introduced utilizing a similar technique. Actuate the CPAN Module The least difficult approach to introduce Perl modules to utilize the CPAN module itself. On the off chance that you are the framework chairman and need to introduce the module systemwide, youll need to change to your root client. To start up the CPAN module, simply get to your order line and run this: On the off chance that this is the first run through youve run CPAN, it will ask you a progression of inquiries much of the time, the default answer is fine. When you end up gazing at the cpan order brief, introducing a module is as simple as introduce MODULE::NAME. For instance, to introduce the HTML::Template module youd type: CPAN should take it from that point, and youll end up with the module introduced in your Perl library. Introducing from the Command Line Lets state youre on your framework order line and you simply need to introduce a module as fast as could be expected under the circumstances; you can run the Perl CPAN module through order line Perl and introduce it in a solitary line: Its consistently prudent to download a module yourself, particularly if youre having issues introducing with CPAN. On the off chance that youre on the order line, you can utilize something like wget to get the document. Next, youll need to unfasten it with something like: This unfastens the module into a catalog and afterward you can go in and look around. Search for the README or INSTALL records. As a rule, introducing a module by hand is still truly simple, however, in spite of the fact that not as simple as CPAN. Once youve exchanged into the base catalog for the module, you ought to have the option to introduce it by composing:

Information Security Essay free essay sample

Presentation Data security is the insurance system utilized by the associations to shield their information from misfortunes, unapproved get to or unapproved adjustment of information. Today data that an association has in its database is entirely important to them and many allude to it as their company’s resource. This data of the association should be made accessible to the representatives and along these lines is powerless against security threats.Question 1As an association makes innovative progressions, its work forms become increasingly proficient and less utilization of assets is required. The yield of the workers becomes more prominent when there is innovative out of date quality in the association. Utilization of information and data turns out to be progressively visit and thought. This information which comprises the records about the association and significant client information is exceptionally helpful to associations. Loss of this information or unapproved utilization of this information implies the misfortune to the association in money related terms too. We will compose a custom paper test on Data Security Essay or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The significance of information to the association relies upon the sort of business the association is in. For instance, an association which is an Information innovation (IT) arrangement supplier; this firm will have everything as information and its information is the firm’s just principle resources. Along these lines this information needs security to protect it from misfortune or unapproved access.The data in the associations ought to be accessible at whatever point required that is the reason it can't be secured up in the databases or documents. This information is required by specific representatives to play out their undertakings and a few information isn't required by different workers and should be escaped them. In the event that this information is made accessible to all the workers, it will be distinguishable by every one of them and they can change. This information should be secured and given distinctive access levels to various assignments of representatives. As innovation progresses are made in the association and frameworks are introduced in the associations to make the information accessible to the representatives, the danger to data security becomes more.Data from all the divisions of the association are coordinated in one stage to make it profoundly accessible, to keep it one arrangement, for quick access, stay up with the latest and to make theâ recovery of data increasingly productive and quick. This incorporation of information of various divisions likewise implies that all the workers of the association w ill get to the database. In the event that there are no controls, the data turns out to be progressively defenseless against loss of information and unapproved utilization of data. An association can ensure against dangers to data security in an assortment of ways. Each danger has an alternate control and security the board. Access controls can be executed to control the entrance of unapproved work force to the data. Access controls can likewise be executed for giving representatives various degrees of access to them. The representatives who just need to see the data in the database might be offered rights to see the data and the individuals who needs to alter, include or erase the records can be given the applicable access level to the database. The most ideal approach to execute get to control is to make one of a kind client id for every framework client and permit every id distinctive access levels and benefits. The client id is validated by passwords which is likewise one of a kind for every client. The clients ought to be prepared and instructed about the security controls with the goal that they comprehend that distinctive data is seen by various users.The data ought to be put away in a cryptographic structure so it is unusable to somebody who is unapproved. The approved clients will have the option to change the cryptographic data into usable structure. The data is additionally shielded from any physical harm, interruptions or calamities. These debacles might be synthetic or regular which incorporates fire, quake, annihilation of building and so on. For ensuring the information against these catastrophes or physical harms, physical controls are actualized, for example, securing frameworks in the entryways, cooling, alarm, cameras and security monitors. Information recuperation instrument ought to likewise be available in the association which incorporates making reinforcement of the significant information. The reinforcement is normally made on some far off site and now and then likewise at a similar area. This guarantees the information won't be lost regardless of whether a calamity strikes the organization.The the board ought to be educated about the misfortunes of client information and significant data which will cause substantial misfortunes in the profit. The administration ought to likewise be informed that insufficient data security may cause burglary of client information. The clients are exceptionally cognizant about the information that is being recorded about them. Consequently if their information is set in wrong hands or taken, the clients are well on the way to change to the contenders, for example, UPS for administrations. An introduction ought to be set up by the IT work force that ought to be introduced to the administration to win their help. This introduction ought to likewise contain the way that UPS is better furnished with security controls far superior to us which that is the reason they pull in more clients. It ought to likewise be referenced that the arrival on venture will ascend because of greater security of information, the quantity of clients will likewise rise and they will likewise be more fulfilled than before.Question 2The assortment of information from numerous sources has permitted associations to assemble databases of realities and data. This data can without much of a stretch be manhandled and taken even by the approved workers who can utilize it for unlawful and untrustworthy purposes. The association shouldâ make severe guidelines of morals in data security to maintain a strategic distance from illicit and unscrupulous conduct of representatives. There are social contrasts in moral ideas in figuring out what is moral and what is exploitative. At the point when one nationality’s moral conduct negates that of another, trouble emerges. Discouragement to exploitative and illicit conduct is the avoidance of such exercises. With the authorization of laws, arrangements and specialized controls, deceptive and illicit conduct can be forestalled. Laws and strategies in the association are just effective if a few conditions are available. These conditions are recorded underneath:- Fear of punishment High likelihood of being gotten by the administration Possibility of punishment being administeredOrganizations have codes of morals or set of principles to keep away from exploitative conduct at their associations. Simply having an implicit rules made isn't sufficient tragically. The workers must be made mindful of the significant subjects identified with data security and must be prepared of the normal practices of a moral representative. Appropriate moral and lawful preparing is fundamental in making a solid and steady, educated and okay framework client. This is particularly fundamental in the zones of data security as the associations witness innovative out of date quality. Numerous workers don't have formal specialized preparing to get that if their conduct is unscrupulous or even illegal.The security experts are dependable to act deceptively and as needs be to the arrangements and methodology of their association and laws of the general public. Along these lines most associations make and formalize an assemblage of desires which is alluded as arrangement. Strategies work in associations like laws. To make the approach enforceable, it must be:- Distributed to all the workers who should conform to it-Easily comprehended by the perusers and deciphered adaptations ought to be accessible in various dialects Readily accessible for reference by representatives Signed and recognized by the worker in type of assent letter.The course that is required to be intended for the understudies ought not be specialized and ought to contain the laws of states and government. Above all else the target of the course is should have been characterized to the understudies so as to give an outline of the center thoughts present in the course. Qualifications among laws and morals ought to be obviously made in the course introduction for a superior comprehension of things to come considers. Sorts of laws, U.S. Laws applicable to data security and protection ought to be remembered for the course. A point about client information protection and its holiness ought to likewise be remembered for the educational program. Meaning of universal laws, legitimate bodies, state and nearby guidelines, copyright acts and UN contract about data ought to be remembered for the course. Approach and law ought to be separated and rules ought to be referenced to structure enforceable strategy at association. Inspecting bodies, for example, Information System Audit and Control Association (ISACA) and their motivation ought to likewise be educated to the students.Question 3An association has numerous benefits and data resources are the least very much oversaw despite the fact that it is being perceived as one of the organizations’ most important resources. Data has begun devouring immense assets of money and HR to record, store, oversee, and process data, yet it gets no budgetary distinguishing proof on the equalization sheet.When every one of these conditions are met at exactly that point the association has a sensible desire for viability of policy.â we are going to take a gander at the data resources valuation techniques which can be utilized for valuation. Utilizing the correspondences hypothesis (Shannon and Weaver, 1949), the data can be esteemed through concentrating on the measure of data being transmitted over certain separation. It very well may be estimated in volume of information every subsequent that is transmitted over a separation. Anyway this technique for valuation isn't so compelling in light of the fact that the substance and its value isn't being considered while evaluating.Accounting valuation model is utilized to esteem data

The Tipping Point for Talent Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Tipping Point for Talent Management - Essay Example They can't take he hazard to lose them since it will make a ton of issues for them thinking about the present monetary circumstance. This has brought about the practices that lead to ability the executives. Because of the monetary condition, associations need to concentrate on the arranging out their sourcing choices that would be founded on the capacities of the representatives and the holes that exist between them, stress on the utilization of adaptable workplace, focus on center versus non center exercises identified with work. The greatest factor that is adding to the tipping point for ability the executives rehearses is globalization. There are a great deal of components that are adding to the change yet globalization’s sway is gigantic; it makes us perceive how quickly changes happen and how convictions that were once solidly held are faltering and some don’t even exist. The impacts that have been seen because of globalization are as talked about underneath: At first it was viewed as that ability the board, its turn of events and preparing rehearses go equal. Anyway ongoing investigations and explores show that it isn't so; the inquires about demonstrate that 70% of what should be done at the specific employment is found out at the particular employment itself. Pattern has developed and it tends to be seen that casual preparing is more productive than the conventional instructional courses which incorporates exercises, for example, cross useful groups, assignments at the worldwide level, stretch assignments and so forth. The presentation of incorporated ability the board program is likewise another technique to pick the best workers who might fit in a specific association or occupation condition all the more properly. This remembers different exercises for which the representatives recognize their capabilities, chip away at them at last ad libbing on their current abilities and the organization additionally adds to the advancement of cha racteristics and characteristics of the workers. This incorporates the procedure of enlistment, determination

The Petticoat Affair Manners free essay sample

Bringing considerably more magic than most would have suspected and simultaneously a lady who didn't fit the form of the typical accommodating political spouse in Washington or in Tennessee went to the bleeding edge of popular assessment. Mrs. . Eaton was reluctant to quit being her unusual self and President Jackson was reluctant to quit supporting her paying little heed to political outcomes. She was a risk to the worth arrangement of what ladies ought to be and how they should act both in private and particularly in open situations.The Jackson period in spite of the fact that change was coming was as yet backward in the ole of ladies and what they were to do in the public arena. Washington and Tennessee society reprimanded her. To be socially excludes brought Jackson into her corner as his late and cherished Rachel had been torn up and deceived by amenable society, which he thought caused her demise. The writer gives a short however precise life story of President Jacksons life, which lets the peruser comprehend his reliance and dependability for companions, and his interest for total unwaveringness from his partners. We will compose a custom paper test on The Petticoat Affair: Manners or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Companions were all he had in life particularly after Rachel died.Her passing made him progressively defensive of ladies ND in this manner an ideal safeguard of Mrs.. Eaton. Mrs.. Eaton was the little girl of an Inn Keeper, William ONeal where a significant number of the government officials of the day remained in Washington, D. C. Most male Senators and Congressmen remained in motel like the ONeal as Congress was in meeting just piece of the year. She had hitched Mr.. Timberline who was a purser in the Navy, attempted to run a store, afterwards returned to the Navy. Her plain character combined with two nearly elopements, energized her notoriety which came into question when her significant other passed on boat and she broadcast John Henry Eaton.This was done even before the necessary grieving period had finished. Another heedlessness to well mannered society. He had been a visitor at her dads house and became Jacksons Secretary of War. She was the little girl of a Scot Irish lodging proprietor she having never been admitted to society, as John Calhoun expressed however when union with Mr.. Eaton happened she needed access to Washington Society. Both her better half and herself needed induction to Washington society yet were denied it as social principles had been bowed or broken and the societys ladies advertisement to shield their framework from the change undermined by Mrs.. Eaton. President Jacksons adored Rachel was ripped apart and when bits of gossip were coursed about Margaret to keep her out of society and to freely legitimize that exceed expectations suasion Jackson bolstered Margaret with much energy. President Jackson saw connivance wherever as he attempted to help the landlords little girl. Mrs.. Eaton was supported in her endeavors to turn out to be socially acknowledged by the President, his companion s, the Globe Newspaper and obviously her significant other. President Jacksons fixation on Mrs. .Eaton and his thoughts cap it was a political trick by Calhoun or Clay set this embarrassment in a place to nearly stop government working that were not worried about it. His adversaries or companions like Van Burden who exploited the embarrassment and Jacksons fixation on it to promote his political future retaliated and forward totally rendering the organization futile on other significant issues of the day. I am astounded at the correspondence the writer has recovered when different points like the invalidation emergencies was pending yet the President was composing and assembling conferences to get acknowledgment of a woman by Washington society.As the outrage developed it took on Jacksons thought that it had all been made to hurt Jackson strategically. His bureau was wiped out and his administration did small during this outrage. He focused on next to no else in his first term. He conflicted with his Vice President, against Duff Green, against half of his bureau and still didn't get her acknowledged by society. She had been free with her considerations toward men. Nearly absconded twice, wedded twice, and was to some degree ludicrous in her self-advancement in the early sasss. She was comparatively radical and not self-satisfied to pause while society hanged.Her spouse consistently upheld her and the media made it a political battle particularly as Jackson marked it a trick against his vote based system. This was social and political history. Records are given from numerous individual journals, diaries, papers, and other moment verifiable sources. The peruser nearly sickens as the administration goes to an impasse about whether this woman is acknowledged or not acknowledged into society. It seems, by all accounts, to be trifling until one recalls the Monica Leninism Scandal which caused an indictment of a President as of late on the grounds that he engaged in sexual relations with and understudy and lied about it.Have things changed or has government consistently been about force and blocking power paying little mind to the technique. I think the peruser is compensated into being submerged into the Jackson administration, his partnerships, his apprehensions, and his motivations to back Mrs.. Eaton. The historical backdrop of this period turns out to be progressively important as it is customized. The contention that Mrs.. Eaton speaks to a risk to the composed desires for ladies is advanced yet isnt great. It appears that her character and her spouses steady erupting of the circumstance makes it a bigger media event.The deficiency may lie with her better half and Jackson majority rule government. Not all were equivalent and his request of her being a general public woman probably won't have been fundamental. She could have not minded and he ought to have not pushed her dismissal to include the President. My analysis ought not be on the characters, however yet the book. The creator makes an intensive showing clarifying the air and backs it with much confirmation. The regular happenings and letter compositions leave a mark on the world ready to be found by this writer.

Paper Writing Help - How to Find the Best Paper Writing Help Service

Paper Writing Help - How to Find the Best Paper Writing Help ServiceIf you need paper writing help, there are lots of people who can offer it to you. However, you should ensure that you find a service provider who has proven track record of successfully solving problems for clients. Here are some tips to help you find a good paper writing help:First of all, identify whether the company is offering the service on-site or off-site. If you want the pros to work at your location, you need to ask if they provide written content from the actual client's office and deliver it at their place. On the other hand, if you're looking for a service, you must make sure that the customer will be able to see the finished work before paying.The next important point is that you have to learn more about the company. It is important to know their capabilities. Ensure that you have a good understanding of what they do. Learn about their ability to meet deadlines and what they provide to their clients.You must find out about the products they provide. Determine what the quality of the product is before hiring them. You can also ask how long the product has been in the market, and how many clients have purchased it.You must make sure that they offer customer support. This is important as they will be able to resolve any problems that you might have during your project. You must remember that there is always room for improvement in any service that you are getting.The last important point is that you must find out about the payment plans and prices. Some providers offer a free trial period and some others charge for the work they are able to do. Find out whether they offer a deal and whether it includes an extended warranty.Onceyou have made a decision regarding the company that you will use for paper writing help, then you have to determine the type of paper you want to use. Most commonly, people prefer to use spiral bound paper because it is affordable. However, you may also want to consider using dot paper.Whatever your preference, you must choose a provider that can produce high quality paper for you. Find a company that is equipped with experience in this field. This way, you will get all the paper writing help you need without spending too much.

The Bioethics of Stem Cells Essay - 275 Words

The Bioethics of Stem Cells (Essay Sample) Content: NameProfessorCourseDateThe Bioethics of Stem CellsIntroductionStem cell research refers to the study of the biological aspects of a cells ability to regenerate. This study will focus on stem cell research and the bioethics of using stem cells in research medical treatment. Stem cells are unique because of their abilities to regenerate and divide, in addition to remaining unspecialized or specialized. This uniqueness is important in understanding the healing process of the human body. Diseases such as cancers occur because of uncontrolled cell division. Therefore, understanding the processes and abilities of stem cells division and regeneration is important in unlocking the mystery of diseases such as cancer (Riggan 1). Additionally, the regenerative properties of stem cells are important in the development of treatment for conditions such as heart diseases, diabetes, spinal cord injuries and Parkinsons disease. However, the ability to use stem cells in research medica l treatment is limited because of the controversial nature of the use of embryonic stem cells. Kristen Riggan (2009) found that stem cells have the potential to treat 70 cell disorders including anemia and leukemia. According to Riggan (2009), the stem cells that are present in the cord blood cells are capable of treating more than seventy cell disorders including anemia and leukemia (Riggan 1). Medically, these cells are beneficial to the human body. For instance, they have an ability to stimulate cells found in the regular bone marrow. However, the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) disapproves the credibility of stem cell therapies because they are still experimental. ConclusionIt is important to evaluate the bioethics... The Bioethics of Stem Cells Essay - 275 Words The Bioethics of Stem Cells (Essay Sample) Content: NameProfessorCourseDateThe Bioethics of Stem CellsIntroductionStem cell research refers to the study of the biological aspects of a cells ability to regenerate. This study will focus on stem cell research and the bioethics of using stem cells in research medical treatment. Stem cells are unique because of their abilities to regenerate and divide, in addition to remaining unspecialized or specialized. This uniqueness is important in understanding the healing process of the human body. Diseases such as cancers occur because of uncontrolled cell division. Therefore, understanding the processes and abilities of stem cells division and regeneration is important in unlocking the mystery of diseases such as cancer (Riggan 1). Additionally, the regenerative properties of stem cells are important in the development of treatment for conditions such as heart diseases, diabetes, spinal cord injuries and Parkinsons disease. However, the ability to use stem cells in research medica l treatment is limited because of the controversial nature of the use of embryonic stem cells. Kristen Riggan (2009) found that stem cells have the potential to treat 70 cell disorders including anemia and leukemia. According to Riggan (2009), the stem cells that are present in the cord blood cells are capable of treating more than seventy cell disorders including anemia and leukemia (Riggan 1). Medically, these cells are beneficial to the human body. For instance, they have an ability to stimulate cells found in the regular bone marrow. However, the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) disapproves the credibility of stem cell therapies because they are still experimental. ConclusionIt is important to evaluate the bioethics...

The Effects Of Workplace Safety On Organizations And Society

Understanding the importance of workplace safety prevention is critical in the study of occupational health and safety. Workplace violence is a term used to describe a situation in which an individual experiences verbal abuse, threatening behaviour, harassment, or physical assault in their place of employment or business-related functions or events (OSH Answers Fact Sheet). This is a common occurrence in many workplaces and has a significant impact on the employees mental state, interfering with their ability to work successfully (Barling). Through research on the OHSA, the Occupational Safety and Health Act and historical data, we are able to explore the implications of workplace safety on organizations and society. CCOHS, the†¦show more content†¦A survey conducted in 2004 demonstrated that 17% of reported incidents, or approximately 356,000 incidents occurred in the workplace. It is also estimated that only one in five victims reported workplace violence (Violence in the Workplace). It is clear that workplace violence is an ongoing issue that should be an immense part of occupational health and safety. The reason that workplace violence is a significant topic of discussion is because it causes severe consequences to not only the victim, but to other employees and the organization as a whole. Research shows that when primary victims experience violence in the workplace, there is an increased risk of developing PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder (Barling). For example, a study of 30 Irish victims of workplace bullying reported feelings of anxiety, irritability, depression and paranoia (Matthiesen). A few more symptoms of PTSD may include avoiding situations, activities, or people that remind them of the traumatic events and difficulty concentrating or remembering information, which are factors that hinder an employee s productivity in the workplace (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, 2015). Workplace violence does not only affect the primary victim. S econdary victims are known as the individuals that experience the same anxiety and discomfort as primary victims, even

High Schools Need For Students With Tools For Everyday Life

Each year, high schools across America send students out into the world without the skills they need to succeed. Admittedly, students learn the required academics to move onto the next level, but the basic skills required in life are being put aside and forgotten. Today, high achieving seniors will graduate understanding how to find the definite integral of a function and preform electrophoresis, but they will not know everyday skills including how to file their taxes or changing the oil in their car. In order to succeed in the real world, high schools need to equip students with tools for everyday life. The numerous tools students need includes knowing how to become financially stable. â€Å"In 2013, approximately 10.9 million school-age†¦show more content†¦The first day the teacher informs the students that the class is the most important class of their entire life. If this class was so important, and it is, why is it only one semester? In this class, students barely mak e it through the basics of economics let alone learn to manage their own money. Investing, bank accounts, marketing, and retirement are all mentioned during the class, but the teacher never informs the class how to go about doing them in real life. If students never learn basic financial skills in school, they will not obtain the necessary skills to save for retirement and file taxes. Schools are digging graves for the nation’s economy class by class. Besides not being economically ready for life, high schools deprive graduates of many other life skills necessary for success. For the 2014-2015 school year it was projected that 2.2 million of 3.3 million students enrolled straight into post secondary education (Education Commission of the, States). That leaves 1.1 million students going straight into the world of adulthood. High schools must take responsibility and make sure these young adults know how to manage living by themselves. Ignored basic skills, including doing the l aundry and cooking a decent meal, are necessary in life and ought to be taught to students. Millions high school graduates will go off into the world this year unaware of how to function in society. After thirty five hours a week for thirteen years sitting in a

Why Juveniles Should Not Be Legal - 1254 Words

Juvenile Crimes in the United States Nachamada Roya Simon 250798336 SOC 2206B Section 570 March 8 2016 Professor Catherine Gelinas Introduction The proposed study is a cross-sectional research about why juveniles should not be put to trial and convicted in adult court and the factors that affect why they would be convicted in adult courts. The study would be conducted in two parts with both quantitative and qualitative methods. The first part of the study would be conducted in a juvenile and adult correctional facility whereas the second part of the study would take place in the city of Houston, Texas with university students and residents as test subjects. The juvenile and adult correctional facility directors would be contacted and informed prior to the commencement of the study. Two correctional facilities would be studied. The juvenile sample population would consists of juveniles that have been convicted for murder, man slaughter, drug trafficking, aggravated assault, aggravated robbery and/or burglary whereas the adult sample set would consist if inmates who were tried as juveniles and have been sentenced to death by either by incarceration or execution. This study is going to be conducted in male correctional facilities in order to control the variance attributable to the gender of the inmates. Once the directors of the correctional facilities review the study and inmates sign a consent form for the study to be carried out, the researcher would brief theShow MoreRelatedWhy Juveniles Should Be Legal1649 Words   |  7 Pagespeople who look like a bad influence or others that look innocent walking down the streets who have never committed a crime before. Juveniles ages 7-15 should not be sentenced to life without parole for crimes they commit because it would not be fair for them to spend the rest of their lives in jail for committing a mistake. Reasons can be found on why juveniles should be left inside a cell and arguments can build up if people disagree with one another. Some adults commit crimes and are left with freedomRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Juveniles1016 Words   |  5 Pagesthat many juveniles are being sentenced and tried unfairly in the court. Many believed that children as young as twelve should be treated differently than an adult who commit the same crime, but that’s not what’s happening today. Young children are not the same as an adult in many ways, so they should not be put in jail for life if they commit a crime. Nobody really deserve to be put into a jail for the rest of their life, especially a young kid. It is injustice to sentenced juveniles, who committedRead MoreCriminal Crime : A Crime, Assault, Burglary, And Assault1476 Words   |  6 Pagesthose that are â€Å"model citizens.† Felony crime is characterized by the Department of Justice as â€Å"crime, assault, burglary, and attack† (Legal Dictionary). According to the Uniform Crime Report, property crime is number one of the crimes committed by persons under the age of 18. Property crime is also high in numbers for children age 15 and under. Although juveniles arrested for violent crimes have decreased from 2013 to 2014 by 3.8 percent, these crimes are still being committed (Uniform Crime ReportRead MoreThe Origins Of Juvenile Justice1385 Words   |  6 Pagesthe origins of juvenile justice, from the house of refuge to the juvenile programs of today. Ans: In the early nineteenth century, the idea of reforming youth offenders took root in the United States. The House of Refuge in New York, which opened in 1824, was the first juvenile house of reform in the United States. This was the first attempt to house juvenile offenders in a separate facility and other States, like Maryland, would soon follow suit. The idea was not to punish juveniles offenders as adultsRead MoreJuvenile Justice : A Difficult Area For Law Enforcement Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile justice can be a difficult area for law enforcement. This is said because unlike adult offenders in the criminal justice system, the juvenile justice is about reform rather than incarceration. The thought process behind juvenile justice is to help these children to become better adults, not only for their community, but also for their workforce as well. There are some rules when handling delinquents. A great example would be an adult who has a public intoxication and has t o spend a nightRead MoreEssay on Life Without Parole for Juveniles956 Words   |  4 Pagesbanned the use of life without parole for juveniles who committed non-homicide crimes, and Roper v. Simmons (2005) abolished the use of the death penalty for juvenile offenders. They both argued that these sentences violated the 8th Amendment, which prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. While these landmark cases made great strides for the rights of minors passing through the criminal justice system, they are just the first steps in creating a juvenile justice system that takes into considerationRead MoreJuveniles As A Victim Of A Crime Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesJuveniles Juveniles come in contact with the law and law enforcement everyday, but it is important to understand how to deal with these individuals. Oftentimes juveniles can be a victim of a crime, or even a suspect in a crime, and it is necessary to learn how to effectively communicate with these individuals. Children and juveniles have a different language set, understanding of law, mindset, and even a different way of coping compared to their adult counterparts. Officers dealing with these youngerRead MoreThe Legal Age Of Juvenile Justice1648 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile justice is the area of criminal law applicable to persons not old enough to be held responsible for criminal acts (Juvenile Justice. (n.d.). Retrieved September 3, 2014)[1]. A â€Å"crime† is any act or omission of an act in violation of a public law forbidding or commanding it (Criminal Law. (n.d.). Retrieved September 3, 2014)[1]. The legal age limit for who is considered to be juvenile varies from state to st ate, although many states have set the legal age limit at 18. Once a child hasRead More Recognizing Our Rights1136 Words   |  5 PagesWe as citizens should recognize that any of our rights in the Constitution is subjected to continual interpretation by our courts, especially by the United States Supreme Court. As of today, our Sixth Amendment still allows us as American citizens to â€Å"Due Process†, as well as other important rights. This particular right requires police and government officials to recognize our due process rights, especially as suspects during an arrest, questioning, and handling. During an arrest and prior toRead MoreJuvenile Competency to Stand Trial Essay1074 Words   |  5 PagesJuvenile Competency to Stand Trial The Supreme Court has long considered competency to be a right of the criminal defendant in court. In many areas, insanity has been a criminal defense with a significant history. However, in the early part of this century, adult protections, including the competency requirement and common defenses like insanity, were not added into the juvenile court system. Because juvenile courts were established to protect juveniles from the rigors of adult court

The Teleological Argument for Gods Existence Essay

The Teleological Argument for Gods Existence The teleological argument is also known as the argument from design. It is the idea that our world and the universe surrounding it are so intricate that it could not happen by accident, it was designed. William Paley put forward perhaps the most famous version of this with the watchmaker argument. Imagine you live on a desolate desert island and one day you come across a watch. By looking at it and examining, the intricate and complicated mechanisms you would conclude that it was designed by an intelligent designer. A watch could not happen by chance. Lets apply that logic to things in our own universe. The mechanics of our hands are very†¦show more content†¦Some argue the earth could not happen by chance. The probability of the Big Bang creating a perfect world is minuscule, 1 in a million. However, if we think of all the planets in our universes that are not sustaining life then it does not seem so improbable. Back to this perfect watch, its not perfect. It does not automatically adjust the time when the clocks go forward. Instead it spitefully ticks away knowing that you will be late for work. Alternatively, does it remember leap years? Does it give you an apology? No because it is a mean and uncaring watch. Our world is much like this watch, its imperfect. It is rude and selfish. People are staving and we are sitting here stuffing our faces. Our amazing hands are not so amazing after all, they wear out, muscles and bones break. Surely, an intelligent designer would design us with out these faults. It is not just us with these faults. Meteorites crash into planets, the sun will one day plunge us into darkness if its heat has not dried us out and we could be sucked into a black hole. You could say nobodies perfect, but God, by definition, is a perfect being. If God created the universe, it would have to be perfect. David Hume believes that the universe does not have to be created by a perfect being merely an intelligent one. The idea that God sat down and designed then made organisms likeShow MoreRelatedExamine the Key Features of the Teleological Argument?1491 Words   |  6 PagesExamine the key features of the Teleological argument. The word teleological comes from the Greek word ‘Telos’ which means purpose. The teleological argument is a posteriori and like the cosmological argument, attempts to prove the existence of God. It claims that certain phenomena within the universe appear to display features of design and are perfectly adapted to fulfil their function. Therefore, if features of the universe are so perfectly designed, for example the structure and function ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article On Being An Atheist 1290 Words   |  6 Pagesquestion of God’s existence has been challenged by many philosophers and non-philosophers alike. Arguments that have been used to support the existence of a divine being includes the cosmological argument and the theological argument. However there are some who oppose these arguments and philosopher H.J. McCloskey is among this group. In the article â€Å"On Being an Atheist† written by H.J. McCloskey, he argues that both these arguments are false and insufficient as it relates to â€Å"proof† of God’s existenceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article On Being An Atheist 1538 Words   |  7 Pagesquestion of God’s existence has been challenged by many philosophers and non-philosophers alike. Arguments that have been used to support the existence of a divine being includes the cosmological argument and the theological argument. However there are some who oppose these arguments and philosopher H.J. McCloskey is among this group. In the article â€Å"On Being an Atheist† written by H.J. McCloskey, he argues that both these arguments are false and insufficient as it relates to â€Å"proof† of God’s existenceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article On Being An Atheist 1558 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION The question of God’s existence has been challenged by many philosophers and non-philosophers alike over the years. Arguments that have been used to support the existence of a divine being includes; the cosmological argument and the theological argument. However, there are some who oppose these arguments and philosopher H.J. McCloskey is among this group. In the article â€Å"On Being an Atheist† written by H.J. McCloskey, he argues that both these arguments are false and insufficient asRead MoreThe Question Of God s Existence1575 Words   |  7 PagesCourse: PHIL 201 Date: 12/13/2015 INTRODUCTION The question of God’s existence has been challenged by many philosophers and non-philosophers alike over the years. If I am honest with myself, during many hard times I have questioned Gods existence myself. Arguments that have been used to support the existence of a divine being includes; the cosmological argument and the theological argument. However, there are some who oppose these arguments and philosopher H.J. McCloskey is among this group. In the articleRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article On Being An Atheist1136 Words   |  5 Pages H. J McCloskey in his article, On Being an Atheist, is trying to show the readers are more reasonable and comfortable belief than that of Christianity. In the article he also puts up an argument concerning two theistic point of which is the cosmological and teleological argument. McCloskey also talks about the problems resulting from all the evil in the world. He goes as far to point out this evil in a world the God had made and blames Go d for it. Due to that fact and other issues, he believesRead More Does God Exist? Essay1145 Words   |  5 PagesExsistence of God Either God exists or He doesnt. There is no middle ground. Any attempt to remain neutral in relation to Gods existence is automatically synonymous with unbelief. The question for Gods existence is really important. Does God exist? Theology, cosmological, teleological and ontological arguments are all have ways to prove the existence of God. With all of these great arguments how can one deny that there is a God. There is a God and with these reasons I will prove that. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ThereRead MoreAquinas’ has five proofs for Gods existence. His first proof is an argument from motion. Nothing600 Words   |  3 PagesAquinas’ has five proofs for Gods existence. His first proof is an argument from motion. Nothing can move itself unless it was placed into motion. His second proof is an argument from efficient causes. We experience a series of efficient causes of things. I didn’t exist to my prior existence. Nothing before exists. Nothing can be caused by itself. The third proof is the argument from possibility and necessity. We find natural things that are possible to be and not to be. Things come in and out ofRead MoreThe Existence Of God : God1305 Words   |  6 PagesThe existence of God has been in question for as long as mankind has existed and thought logically. Many questions have plagued the human mind in regards to God, and there have been many arguments drawn with the hopes of proving the existence of a supr eme being whom we know as God. The â€Å"God† question has been presented to every individual at some point in their lives. It is a topic that will bring forth never-ending questions and an equal amount of attempted answers. Many philosophers have formulatedRead MoreEssay about The Characteristics of God1108 Words   |  5 PagesThe Characteristics of God In Section eleven of An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding Hume argues that if a teleological argument is sufficient proof for a god, then that god must have deficiencies in morality, power, benevolence and intelligence. I will present Hume’s argument and the subsequent objections he considers. As well, I will defend Hume’s final position by giving my best objection to it and explaining how that objection fails. Hume chooses to speak about the matter in the style of

The Theory Of Personality Psychology - 1292 Words

Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on the differences between people’s behaviors in terms of patterns, cognitions, and emotion. Personality psychology has been around for centuries, since Hippocrates’ Four Humors. Personality psychology has taken on many forms and has continued to develop throughout the centuries. Personality psychology is also developed with and from other fields of psychology like child development, behavioral, cognitive, and few others. Personality psychology started its development from Hippocrates’ Four Humors, although it did not truly become it’s own field of psychology until Sigmund Freud developed his theory of personality. Freud practiced what he called the psychoanalytical†¦show more content†¦Freud claimed that personality is developed by age five. He further stated that each stage of development was defined as an erogenous zone of the body (Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital) (S chultz, 2013). Although Freud had many followers, few of them agreed with every one of Freud’s developed theories. These followers take the neo-psychoanalytical approach. One of the most well known neo-psychoanalysts was Carl Jung. Jung studied under Freud and Freud treated him like a son. Jung’s first major point that differed from Freud was that Jung believed that Freud focused far too much on sexuality. Jung expanded some of Freud’s definitions to limit the role of sexuality. Further, Jung believed that although the past does play a role in the development of personality, a person is equally shaped by their future goals and aspirations. Finally, Jung felt that Freud minimized the role of the unconscious (Schultz, 2013). Another Neo-psychoanalytical psychologist is Alfred Adler. In addition to Jung’s disagreement with Freud in terms of sexuality being a defining role in his theory, Adler also disagreed with the role that the unconscious played i n developing personality. Also, he disagreed with the biological and genetic approach that both Jung and Freud agreed upon. Adler theorized that human beings were innately social beings that were individually different from other people (Schultz, 2013). Finally, Karen Horney is the final

Love Canal

Love Canal- Environmental Disaster Essay Love CanalLoves Model CityThe Model City (tune of Yankee Doodle)Everybodys come to town, Theyr building now a great big ditch,Those left we all do pity, Through dirt and rock so gritty,For well have a jolly time, They say ?twill make all very richAt Loves new Motel City Who live in Model CityThis tale I tell is no less true, Our boys are bright and well to do,Though in a silly ditty, Our girls are smart and pretty,They give free sites and power too, They can not help it nor could you,In Loves new Model City If you lived in Model CityThen come and join our earnest band,All who are wise and witty,Heres out heart and heres our hand,To build the Model city. Water is a necessity for life. Throughout the growth of civilization, communities sprang up near the edge of waterways. Running rivers and standing lakes provided clean drinking water, food and energy for people. It was running water that set the gears working in the head of the charismatic entrepreneur William. T. Love. In 1890s, Love saw a 20000 acre community in Niagara county as his plot for his utopian ?Model City?. Loves Model City would be located 7.5 miles away from Niagara River. A power canal seven miles long would connect the town with the upper and lower levels of Niagara River The channeled water would be lead to the Lewiston escarpment which would create a mini Niagara Falls thus creating a major power source for the Model City. Page 2This would create a great amount of hydroelectric power in a time which factories must be located near their power source. In January 1893, William Love went to Albany to politick for a charter for his model city. He did so by addressing both the senate and the assembly in a joint session, a first for a private citizen. A very liberal charter was granted which gave him the right to ?acquire by condemnation any necessary properties?. (27, Zweig) Love gained the financial backing from banking giants in New York, Chicago and London. (25, Zweig) With the charter now in hand, Love extensively promoted his model city through ads, circulars and even ?brass bands playing his original ditty.? (2, Love Canal Report) Manufacturers quickly lined up to open plants along the canal. May 1894, construction in the LaSalle area began. The proposed canal would be 80ft widex30ft deep. 3,000 feet was excavated when Loves dream collapsed. A financial depression hit the country in 1896, discouraging the necessary financial backers. This was the most significant factor explaining the projects demise. Another factor had t do wit h the power source. Louis Tesh discovered a way to transmit electrical current economically over a distance using alternating current. Now factories did not have to pay for expensive plots of land near power sources. His backers deserted him; the remaining land was auctioned in 1910. The only remain of Loves dream Model City was a partially built canal. Several decades afterwards, it served as a swimming hole for the children of the LaSalle district. (6, Love Canal Report) In the 1920s it became a dumping and municipal disposal site, Page 3?chemicals of an unknown kind and quantity were buried at the site for 25-30 year period until 1953? (3, Love Canal Report) Within fifty years, love canal went from being a charismatic entrepreneurs dream to a toxic human and environmental disaster and the fingers and legislation point directly at the dumpers. It is estimated that love canal received 22000 tones of chemical waste. (44, Zweig) The four main dumpers was the city of Niagara, Hooker Electrochemical Co, Niagara Power and Development Corp., and the Army, under the cover of a ceramics plant. ALEXANDER THE GREAT EssayBibliographyWork SitedStoss, Fredrick. ?Love Canal: Reminder Why we Celebrate Earth Day?1998. Online. University at Buffalo. Internet. Available: Library.ucsb.edu/ish/00~spring/article2.htmlTuchman, Gary. ?CNN- Despite Toxic History, Residents Return to Love Canal 1998. Online. CNN. Internet. Available: cnn.com/US/9808/07/love.canal/United States. Department of Health. Love Canal Report: Public Health Time BombNew York: 1980 Zweig, Micheal. United States. The Assembly State of New York. The Federal Connection: A history of the US Military Involvement in the Toxic Contamination of Love Canal and the Niagara Frontier region. Volume 1. New York: January, 1981Science Essays

Critical Analysis Oroonoko

Question: Discuss about theCritical Analysis for Oroonoko. Answer: Introduction The piece, Oroonoko displays interplay of history and literature. Unlike the conception of Utopia (an imagined projection of land that is the epitome of perfection), the piece Oroonoko witnessed a miserable climax, where both the male and female lead characters died a filthy death. The piece is far from the portrayal of the perfect terrain and an apposite romantic connection. The novella, according to the author, is the real representation of the slavery during the colonial epoch. The death of Imoinda projects a tragic scene that ended the relationship. In the last part of the novella, Behn shows a dreadful climax, which reveals the death of the female lead at the hand of her lover, Oroonoko. The author shows that Imoinda became pregnant. After the acknowledgement of the fact, Oroonoko realized their slavery plight. He wanted to free his family from the slumber of darkness and slavery. Therefore, he murdered his wife, along the decimation of the foetus. The death of Imoinda, albeit gloomy, but it gave her a respite from the severe hardship and slavery. The piece, Oroonoko reveals the influence of Neoclassicism (It is a phenomenon that entails the imitation of cultural elements of ancient Greece and Rome). During that time, many authors used to trace the similarity to enhance the piece. For an instance, Behn makes a comparative study between Oroonoko and the tiger, which is a majestic beast of might and strength. Here, he is compared to a natural force that explains the significance of the concept. The portrayal of the character, Oroonoko is doubtless, tragic and heart wrenching. The author ended the piece with the sad murder of the female lead at the hand of her husband, Oroonoko. At the other end of the spectrum, the male lead died after the unsuccessful slave revolt, wrought by him against the British. He died at the hands of the British. This led to the abysmal end of the piece. The piece could have portrayed a romantic fulfillment. However, it ended as a real life fiction that had killed the male and the female protagonists. The author, A. Behn, adumbrates and explains the history of slavery through a history format. In the piece, the author highly praises the lead protagonist, Oroonoko and describes him as the hero of the novella. Oroonoko was hailed to be a great man to Behn. According to the author, the character beautifully fits into the story. The author brought in certain historical incidents to highlight the resplendent character of Oroonoko. The romantic entanglement between Oroonoko and Imoinda depict the passionate love for each other. In the last, Oroonoko killed Imoinda out of frustration and the realization of the captive situation. After the cognizance of Imoindas death, Oroonoko behaved as a regale prince. This is certainly a blot to the characterization of Oroonoko. However, he managed to maintain his regality throughout. According to the author, the most enthralling is the analogy between the characterization of Oroonoko and a tiger. Similar to the hero, the tiger is deemed a splendid be ast of might and magnanimity. Behn maintains that after baptism, Oroonoko travelled with many scars, which did not decimate him completely. Truly speaking Oroonoko was the embodiment of virtues. It did not kill him, but made him even stronger. Throughout his life, he had to endure the worst of the slavery and other things. However, he died an honorable, but terrific death. The romance novel or romantic novel is a variant of novel that emphasizes the romantic liaison between two people. The relationship always ends with a satisfying and optimistic note. The piece, Oroonoko portrays a romantic equation between the lead male protagonist and his counterpart. The romantic couple witnessed hard time, when the grandfather of Oroonoko forced Imoinda to betroth him. At the same time, their relationship was attenuated by the dispersal of false rumors. The grandfather completely dictated the scene. According to the author, the two lovers again reunited in the British slave colony of Surinam. The two led a life of happiness, despite the fact of captivity. Behn brings in a tragic turn, when the lead female became pregnant and the stark reality of the slavery loomed large on the horizon. Consequently, the lead male comprehended the graveness of the matter and murdered his wife. According to the author, Oroonoko did not want to bring his children to the world of slav ery. Therefore, the relationship came to a virtual close. The novella is not a romantic one. It fits into the realistic genre.

Tips on How to Write a Sample Essay With a Great Hook

Tips on How to Write a Sample Essay With a Great HookIf you're looking for tips on how to write a sample essay with a great hook, then this article is for you. We'll give you some tips to improve your essay and get it into the hands of someone who reads them. You may even find that it gets picked up by a professional in some capacity.First, what do we mean by sample essay with a great hook? A great hook will create an emotional response from the reader who is then led to think about the topic being discussed. The best samples have at least one or two of these elements.In order to produce great hooks, you must be able to anticipate the needs of the reader. Once you understand what the reader needs to know, you can begin to write your essay.When writing a sample essay with a great hook, you want to make sure you include one or two strong points. They don't have to be the same point as your essay topic. It's okay to include some points that are similar. As long as they are strong enough to get the attention of the reader.You also want to establish the key points of your essay before you get there. This way, you can make sure they are consistent. For example, if you're discussing a particular issue in the environment, then use words that create a connection to that issue. After the essay is complete, you should check it for accuracy.Writing samples are the best way to get ideas down pat. The best samples, by far, come from great essay writers. People who take the time to craft a good essay with a great hook. In order to get better at writing, you can find samples online. It's important to understand that not all writers are experienced in writing essays. It's easy to assume that someone with years of experience can write an essay. Many people do not realize that they can learn how to write an essay. They can take the time to write their own essay and see how much easier it is.Even if you are just starting out in writing and don't really know how to write a sample e ssay with a great hook, there are some websites that specialize in sample essays. These essays, along with all of the other material that is available online, will help you learn how to write an essay and get it into the hands of those who are reading it.

10 qualities that will make you an excellent writer

10 Qualities that will make you an excellent writerWhilst people's definitions of what makes a good writer differ, there are certain qualities that they all share. So what does it take to be an excellent writer? Here are a few qualities to have that will make your writing more effective...Well Read:  You may notice that most famous writers are fond of reading books and novels, and this has a lot to say for the art of reading and how it can help the way you write. It's useful in that it can help your writing flow – how it is structured and so on. The more you read also means the more you are enlightened to; ideas, themes, arguments and facts. Frequent Writer:  If your aim is to be a great writer, you need to pursue it. Write as much as you can – daily, if possible. So many ideas and concepts will be running round your mind all day so write them down! That doesn't mean that every time you sit down you have to create an astonishing essay or novel, it doesn't need to be turned into something ‘whole' immediately. It's just a way to capture these creative thoughts so you can come back to them when you have more of a base to use. Developing the habit to write regularly will help you to excel. Disciplined:  When sitting down to write anything, you should set aside time to do just that – purely writing with no distractions. Good writing doesn't happen with Facebook on in the background. The best way forward is to schedule in times for writing (just writing), taking necessary breaks when needed, until it's completed. It's all about passion and devotion for what you're writing! Imaginative:  Something else is that is prompted by the art of reading and writing, among other things, is your imagination. However, to be imaginative, you must have the ability to pick up on things, feel inspired by it and expand on it. This quality will aid you in your writing and help you to create brilliant and stimulating things – watch this space! Observational:  One trait that every great writer must have is the skill of observation. They should have an attention to detail that can't be matched, both in their writing and around them in day-to-day life. On top of this, it helps to be a good listener. It's the combination of visual observation and oral observation that helps their writing to be full of different emotions and relatable to a variation of people, not just like the writer themselves. A Storyteller:  To write, you must be a good storyteller. That's not only if you want to write fiction, it counts for any kind of writing too. With storytelling, it's necessary to simplify everything down and formulate it well so that it's easily for the reader to digest. However, it only appears to be simple – it actually holds complex concepts that writers deconstruct to make it easier to take in. No one enjoys sitting and reading a convoluted essay or novel that just frazzles their brain, writers have got to express their ideas clearly! Critical:  A good writer must also be a good critic, of both their writing and other people's. Everything that has been written will always have some sort of critique, and that's the way it will always be. Not everyone's opinions and views are the same so it's incredibly difficult to please absolutely everyone with what you are saying. Provide evidence of your point and that's all that you can do. However, don't see any criticism as a negative. Being critical of your own ideas and others', forms new ideas for you to write about. Thick Skinned:  The things you write may not always be received by those who edit or read them as well as you would hope. This can obviously be disappointing, however remember that there will be a bunch of people that will entirely agree with what you are saying. Plus, you know that you can bounce off the criticism into a new pond of ideas, all without taking it to heart. Editor:  Every good writer should have a good editor, even if it is just you. You should be able to spot any grammatical errors a mile off, and proofreading and editing should all be scheduled into the work's progress and completion. Don't skimp on the time you need to proofread and edit because you never know how you re-reading it could change it for the better. These two things bring a lot to the whole process – they don't settle for second best, they tease the absolute best out of every writer. Patient:  Finally, every good writer must have patience. It's a virtue after all! Good writing takes time and it takes effort. If you're feeling jaded by the number of re-drafts you're doing, don't be – no renowned works came out perfectly the first time. As Mark Twain once said, â€Å"Writing is easy. All you have to do is cross out the wrong words†.

Amygdala activity essays

Amygdala activity essays Review of "Amygdala activity at correlated with long-term, free recall of emotional information" This article reviewed an experiment that tested the role of the amygdala in emotional memory. To be specific it hypothesized that if the amygdaloid complex (AC) was primarily involved with the formation of long-term memory during emotionally arousing situations, then the PET analysis would reveal AC activity related to retention of the relative emotional, but not relatively neutral, films. The experiment used eight right-handed male subjects between 20 and 24 years old. While at first it was not clearly stated why the subjects used were all the same, but women, left-handed people, and subjects of differing ages were purposely omitted in favor of right-handed males of a specific age for use as a control. These subjects were shown two videos, one with emotionally neutral film clips (N) and one with emotionally arousing film clips (E). Each video contained 12 clips. The subjects were asked to rank each film on the basis of emotionality from 0 (being the lowest) to 10 (being the highest.) The videos were also ranked on how well the subject understood each film on a scale from 0 to 10. The E and N films did not differ in their level of understandability. The films were ordered in such a way that it would maximize the chances of detecting glucose differences between E and N sessions. Since positron emission tomography was used, this was a good idea because most of the measured activity would relfect the first 15-20 minutes of tracer reuptake. Three weeks after the experiment, the subjects were asked to recall as many film clips as possible from both film sessions. As expected the E films were ranked significantly higher than the N films. The subjects could also recall more E films than N films when asked three weeks after the experiment. The scientific paper presents simple, but effect, graphs showing the discrepancies b ...

Why I want to be a school and guidance counselor Essay

Why I want to be a school and guidance counselor - Essay Example My ethical concern for this job selection is it gives me the opportunity to spend time with children in the place of their parents and determine their study patters that will effectively gain the trust of students. The level of job satisfaction is another aspect that attracts me to this job as it opens the windows to explore the characters of students and effectively guide them against immoral and unethical tracks of their juvenile imperfections. Though this job is frustrating for lack of authority to instruct strongly, it gives a lot of personal pleasure when the individuals are motivated through the right path against possibilities of drug abuse and psycho-sexual disorders of adolescence. As a professional graduate in student guidance, I have al due regards for the empowerment of students from every walk of their merits and disabilities. I am enthusiastic to work for the Individualized Education Program (IEP) of the USA as it gives me opportunities to meet the challenges of the profession in order to make me strong individual and a potent choice of my employers. In this program, I can assure personalized care for the students identified with intellectual and physical disabilities and guide them along with post school tutoring. This job is entirely challenging and rather physically and emotionally demanding, yet I can claim high level of ethical satisfaction and reputation among their parents with equal reward from the Almighty. I also think that my successful endeavor in this field attracts me the generosity of my employers who hopefully benefit me financially for my efforts. My career option as student counselor is also powered by enthusiasm for helping the academic requirements of children whose parents are subject to frequent transfer from their work places. Though a majority of the civilian employees are stable

Organizing and Delegating-Management of Organizations Essay

Organizing and Delegating-Management of Organizations - Essay Example An effective cost reduction plan should achieve results that flow from top to the bottom line of financial matters (Mosley, 2008). The plan should be designed in such a manner that its implementation does not damage the organization itself. In fact, it is argued that a good cost reduction program should focus much on damage control as it involves cutting costs. The ways of communicating these measures are equally important, especially if it concerns salaries of the employees. Cost Reduction Plan All cost reduction plans aim at reducing costs in order to improve profitability. It is apparent that by reducing expenses, profits are increased. In the current scenario, it is apparent that most of the company’s expenses go to employee salaries. With 90 percent of the company’s expenses being channeled in one department, it becomes tricky to have an effective cost reduction plan in place. In this regard, it is advisable to have a cost reduction team comprising all departments. In the beginning, the head of the cost control team should ensure that the idea of cost reduction is well discussed with the team members. In the current scenario, since cost reduction measures will mainly focus on reducing salaries of the employees, it is also advisable to have all departments represented by employees in the cost control team (Mosley, 2008). However, the meeting should be frequent, probably once in a week. This helps the effort not to lose momentum. Every meeting’s minutes should be published and availed to the chief executive and the heads of each department. The minutes should include the status of each task in the meeting. Cost reduction team members should discuss ideas in a free flowing manner. The ideas should primarily focus on the agenda of the meeting with a contribution from team members being well recorded. Since the main area of concern is salaries, it is equally important to consider a review of other areas that could also be highly contributin g to losses. For example, the cost of raw materials, electricity, travel, maintenance, etc. may as well be reviewed (Suzue, 2002). However, the next step involves cost necessity assessment. In this regard, evaluation of the magnitude of necessity of cost items identified is done. Most crucial items should be retained, but suggested reduction should be applied. Items with less magnitude of necessity should be evaluated for other options. Issues concerning salaries range from labor costs and morale initiatives to training costs. The table below indicates a cost reduction proposal that can be used to reduce cost associated with employee salaries and benefits. Item Classification Risks Decision Labor Necessary None Keep but reduce cost Supervision Necessary None Keep Overtime Necessary Morale impact Keep but reduce Coffee Unnecessary Morale impact Eliminate Department party Unnecessary Morale impact Keep but reduce Communication Plan Before any decisions are made on the measures to use in cost cutting, it is vital to consider the number of permanent employees and those that are in contract. This sets a pace in evaluating implementation negotiations (Coombs et al., 2005). The first step involves analysis of the situation that has led to seeking the option of cost reduction. This could be termed as

Intro to The Romantic Period Essay Example for Free

Intro to The Romantic Period Essay At the turn of the century, fired by ideas of personal and political liberty and of the energy and sublimity of the natural world, artists and intellectuals sought to break the bonds of 18th-century convention. Although the works of Jean Jacques Rousseau and William Godwin had great influence, the French Revolution and its aftermath had the strongest impact of all. In England initial support for the Revolution was primarily utopian and idealist, and when the French failed to live up to expectations, most English intellectuals renounced the Revolution. However, the romantic vision had taken forms other than political, and these developed apace. In Lyrical Ballads (1798 and 1800), a watershed in literary history, William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge presented and illustrated a beneficial visual: poetry should express, in genuine language, experience as filtered through personal emotion and imagination; the truest experience was to be found in nature. The concept of the Sublime strengthened this turn to nature, because in wild countrysides the power of the sublime could be felt most immediately. Wordsworths romanticism is probably most fully realized in his great autobiographical poem, The Prelude (1805–50). In search of sublime moments, romantic poets wrote about the marvelous and supernatural, the exotic, and the medieval. But they also found beauty in the lives of simple rural people and aspects of the everyday world. The second generation of romantic poets included John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and Lord Byron. In Keatss great odes, intellectual and emotional sensibility merge in language of great power and beauty. Shelley, who combined soaring lyricism with an apocalyptic political vision, sought more extreme effects and occasionally achieved them, as in his great drama Prometheus Unbound (1820). Lord Byron was the prototypical romantic hero, the envy and scandal of the age. He has been continually identified with his own characters, particularly the rebellious, irreverent, erotically inclined Don Juan. Byron invested the romantic lyric with a rationalist irony. The romantic era was also rich in literary criticism and other nonfictional prose. Coleridge proposed an influential theory of literature in his Biographia Literaria (1817). William Godwin and his wife, Mary Wollstonecraft, wrote ground–breaking books on human, and womens, rights. William Hazlitt, who never forsook political radicalism, wrote brilliant and astute literary  criticism. The master of the personal essay was Charles Lamb, whereas Thomas De Quincey was master of the personal confession. The periodicals Edinburgh Review and Blackwoods Magazine, in which leading writers were published throughout the century, were major forums of controversy, political as well as literary. - Although the great novelist Jane Austen wrote during the romantic era, her work defies classification. With insight, grace, and irony she delineated human relationships within the context of English country life. Sir Walter Scott, Scottish nationalist and romantic, made the genre of the historical novel widely popular. Other novelists of the period were Maria Edgeworth, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, and Thomas Love Peacock, the latter noted for his eccentric novels satirizing the romantics. The Romantic period The nature of Romanticism As a term to cover the most distinctive writers who flourished in the last years of the 18th century and the first decades of the 19th, â€Å"Romantic† is indispensable but also a little misleading: there was no self-styled â€Å"Romantic movement† at the time, and the great writers of the period did not call themselves Romantics. Not until August Wilhelm von Schlegel’s Vienna lectures of 1808–09 was a clear distinction established between the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"organic,† â€Å"plastic† qualities of Romantic art and the â€Å"mechanical† character of Classicism. Many of the age’s foremost writers thought that something new was happening in the world’s affairs, nevertheless. William Blake’s affirmation in 1793 that â€Å"a new heaven is begun† was matched a generation later by Percy Bysshe Shelley’s â€Å"The world’s great age begins anew.† â€Å"These, these will give the world another heart, / A nd other pulses,† wrote John Keats, referring to Leigh Hunt andWilliam Wordsworth. Fresh ideals came to the fore; in particular, the ideal of freedom, long cherished in England, was being extended to every range of human endeavour. As that ideal swept through Europe, it became natural to believe that the age of tyrants might soon end. The most notable feature of the poetry of the time is the new role of individual thought and personal feeling. Where the main trend of 18th-century poetics had been to praise the general, to see the poet as a spokesman of society addressing a cultivated and homogeneous audience and having as his end the conveyance of â€Å"truth,† the Romantics found the source of poetry in the particular, unique experience. Blake’s marginal comment on Sir Joshua Reynolds’s Discourses expresses the position with characteristic vehemence: â€Å"To Generalize is to be an Idiot. To Particularize is the alone Distinction of Merit.† The poet was seen as an individual distinguished from his fellows by the intensity of his perceptions, taking as his basic subject matter the workings of his own mind. Poetry was regarded as conveying its own truth; sincerity was the criterion by which it was to be judged. The emphasis on feeling—seen perhaps at its finest in the poems of Robert Burns—was in some ways a continuation of the earlier â€Å"cult of sensibility†; and it is worth remembering that Alexander Pope praised his father as having known no language but the language of the heart. But feeling had begun to receive particular emphasis and is found in most of the Romantic definitions of poetry. Wordsworth called poetry â€Å"the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling,† and in 1833 John Stuart Mill defined poetry as â€Å"feeling itself, employing thought only as the medium of its utterance.† It followed that the best poetry was that in which the greatest intensity of feeling was expressed, and hence a new importance was attached to the lyric. Another key quality of Romantic writing was its shift from the mimetic, or imitative, assumptions of the Neoclassical era to a new stress onimagination. Samuel Taylor Coleridge saw  the imagination as the supre me poetic quality, a quasi-divine creative force that made the poet a godlike being. Samuel Johnson had seen the components of poetry as â€Å"invention, imagination and judgement,† but Blake wrote: â€Å"One Power alone makes a Poet: Imagination, the Divine Vision.† The poets of this period accordingly placed great emphasis on the workings of the unconscious mind, on dreams and reveries, on the supernatural, and on the childlike or primitive view of the world, this last being regarded as valuable because its clarity and intensity had not been overlaid by the restrictions of civilized â€Å"reason.† Rousseau’s sentimental conception of the â€Å"noble savage† was often invoked, and often by those who were ignorant that the phrase is Dryden’s or that the type was adumbrated in the â€Å"poor Indian† of Pope’s An Essay on Man. A further sign of the diminished stress placed on judgment is the Romantic attitude to form: if poetry must be spontaneous, sincere, intense, it should be fashioned primarily according to th e dictates of the creative imagination. Wordsworth advised a young poet, â€Å"You feel strongly; trust to those feelings, and your poem will take its shape and proportions as a tree does from the vital principle that actuates it.† This organic view of poetry is opposed to the classical theory of â€Å"genres,† each with its own linguistic decorum; and it led to the feeling that poetic sublimity was unattainable except in short passages. Hand in hand with the new conception of poetry and the insistence on a new subject matter went a demand for new ways of writing. Wordsworth and his followers, particularly Keats, found the prevailing poetic diction of the late 18th century stale and stilted, or â€Å"gaudy and inane,† and totally unsuited to the expression of their perceptions. It could not be, for them, the language of feeling, and Wordsworth accordingly sought to bring the language of poetry back to that of common speech. Wordsworth’s own diction, however, often differs from his theory. Nevertheless, when he published his preface to Lyrical Ballads in 1800, the time was ripe for a change: the flexible diction of earlier 18th-century poetry had hardened into a merely conventional language. Poetry BLAKE, WORDSWORTH, AND COLERIDGE Useful as it is to trace the common elements in Romantic poetry, there was little conformity among the poets themselves. It is misleading to read the poetry of the first Romantics as if it had been written primarily to express  their feelings. Their concern was rather to change the intellectual climate of the age. William Blake had been dissatisfied since boyhood with the current state of poetry and what he considered the irreligious drabness of contemporary thought. His early development of a protective shield of mocking humour with which to face a world in which science had become trifling and art inconsequential is visible in the satirical An Island in the Moon (written c. 1784–85); he then took the bolder step of setting aside sophistication in the visionary Songs of Innocence (1789). His desire for renewal encouraged him to view the outbreak of the French Revolution as a momentous event. In works such as The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790–93) and Songs of Expe rience (1794), he attacked the hypocrisies of the age and the impersonal cruelties resulting from the dominance of analytic reason in contemporary thought. As it became clear that the ideals of the Revolution were not likely to be realized in his time, he renewed his efforts to revise his contemporaries’ view of the universe and to construct a new mythology centred not in the God of the Bible but in Urizen, a repressive figure of reason and law whom he believed to be the deity actually worshipped by his contemporaries. The story of Urizen’s rise was set out in The First Book of Urizen (1794) and then, more ambitiously, in the unfinished manuscript Vala (later redrafted as The Four Zoas), written from about 1796 to about 1807. Blake developed these ideas in the visionary narratives of Milton (1804–08) and Jerusalem (1804–20). Here, still using his own mythological characters, he portrayed the imaginative artist as the hero of society and suggested the possibility of redemption from the fallen (or Urizenic) condition. William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, meanwhile, were also exploring the implication s of the French Revolution. Wordsworth, who lived in France in 1791–92 and fathered an illegitimate child there, was distressed when, soon after his return, Britain declared war on the republic, dividing his allegiance. For the rest of his career, he was to brood on those events, trying to develop a view of humanity that would be faithful to his twin sense of the pathos of individual human fates and the unrealized potentialities in humanity as a whole. The first factor emerges in his early manuscript poems â€Å"The Ruined Cottage† and â€Å"The Pedlar† (both to form part of the later Excursion); the second was developed from 1797, when he and his sister, Dorothy, with whom he was living in the west  of England, were in close contact with Coleridge. Stirred simultaneously by Dorothy’s immediacy of feeling, manifested everywhere in her Journals (written 1798–1803, published 1897), and by Coleridge’s imaginative and speculative genius, he produced the poems collected in Lyrical Ballads(1798). The volume began with Coleridge’s â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,† continued with poems displaying delight in the powers of nature and the humane instincts of ordinary people, and concluded with the meditative â€Å"Lines Written a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey,† Wordsworth’s attempt to set out his mature faith in nature and humanity. His investigation of the relationship between nature and the human mind continued in the long autobiographical poem addressed to Coleridge and later titled The Prelude (1798–99 in two books; 1804 in five books; 1805 in 13 books; revised continuously and published posthumously, 1850). Here he traced the value for a poet of having been a child â€Å"fostered alike by beauty and by fear† by an upbringing in sublime surroundings. The Prelude constitutes the most significant English expression of the Romantic discovery of the self as a topic for art and literature. The poem also makes much of the work of memory, a theme explored as well in the â€Å"Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood.† In poems such as â€Å"Michael† and â€Å"The Brothers,† by contrast, written for the second volume of Lyrical Ballads (1800), Wordsworth dwelt on the pathos and potentialities of ordinary lives. Coleridge’s poetic development during these years paralleled Wordsworth’s. Having briefly brought together images of nature and the mind in â€Å"The Eolian Harp† (1796), he devoted himself to more-public concerns in poems of political and social prophecy, such as â€Å"Religious Musings† and â€Å"The Destiny of Nations.† Becoming disillusioned in 1798 with his earlier politics, however, and encouraged by Wordsworth, he turned back to the relatio nship between nature and the human mind. Poems such as â€Å"This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison,† â€Å"The Nightingale,† and â€Å"Frost at Midnight† (now sometimes called the â€Å"conversation poems† but collected by Coleridge himself as â€Å"Meditative Poems in Blank Verse†) combine sensitive descriptions of nature with subtlety of psychological comment. â€Å"Kubla Khan† (1797 or 1798, published 1816), a poem that Coleridge said came to him in â€Å"a kind of Reverie,† represented a new kind of exotic writing, which he also exploited in the supernaturalism of â€Å"The Ancient Mariner† and the unfinished  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Christabel.† After his visit to Germany in 1798–99, he renewed attention to the links between the subtler forces in nature and the human psyche; this attention bore fruit in letters, notebooks, literary criticism, theology, and philosophy. Simultaneously, his poetic output became sporadic. â€Å"Dejection: An Ode† (1802), another meditat ive poem, which first took shape as a verse letter to Sara Hutchinson, Wordsworth’s sister-in-law, memorably describes the suspension of his â€Å"shaping spirit of Imagination.† The work of both poets was directed back to national affairs during these years by the rise ofNapoleon. In 1802 Wordsworth dedicated a number of sonnets to the patriotic cause. The death in 1805 of his brother John, who was a captain in the merchant navy, was a grim reminder that, while he had been living in retirement as a poet, others had been willing to sacrifice themselves. From this time the theme of duty was to be prominent in his poetry. His political essay Concerning the Relations of Great Britain, Spain and Portugal†¦as Affected by the Convention of Cintra (1809) agreed with Coleridge’s periodical The Friend (1809–10) in deploring the decline of principle among statesmen. When The Excursion appeared in 1814 (the time of Napoleon’s first exile), Wordsworth announced the poem as the central section of a longer projected work, The Recluse, â€Å"a philosophical Poem, containing views of Man, Nature, and Society.† The plan was not fulfilled, however, and The Excursion was left to stand in its own right as a poem of moral and religious consolation for those who had been disappointed by the failure of French revolutionary ideals. Both Wordsworth and Coleridge benefited from the advent in 1811 of the Regency, which brought a renewed interest in the arts. Coleridge’s lectures on Shakespeare became fashionable, his playRemorse was briefly produced, and his volume of poems Christabel; Kubla Khan: A Vision; The Pains of Sleep was published in 1816. Biographia Literaria (1817), an account of his own development, combined philosophy and literary criticism in a new way and made an enduring and important contribution to literary theory. Coleridge settled at Highgate in 1816, and he was sought there as â€Å"the most impressive talker of his age† (in the words of the essayist William Hazlitt). His later religious writings made a considerable impact on Victorian readers. No other period in English literature displays more variety in style, theme, and content than the Romantic Movement of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Furthermore, no period has been the topic of so much disagreement and confusion over its defining principles and aesthetics. Romanticism, then, can best be described as a large network of sometimes competing philosophies, agendas, and points of interest. In England, Romanticism had its greatest influence from the end of the eighteenth century up through about 1870. Its primary vehicle of expression was in poetry, although novelists adopted many of the same themes. In America, the Romantic Movement was slightly delayed and modulated, holding sway over arts and letters from roughly 1830 up to the Civil War. Contrary to the English example, American literature championed the novel as the most fitting genre for Romanticism’s exposition. In a broader sense, Romanticism can be conceived as an adjective which is applicable to the literature of virtually any time period. With that in mind, anything from the Homeric epics to modern dime novels can be said to bear the stamp of Romanticism. In spite of such general disagreements over usage, there are some definitive and universal statements one can make regarding the nature of the Romantic Movement in both England and America. First and foremost, Romanticism is concerned with the individual more than with society. The individual consciousness and especially the individual imagination are especially fascinating for the Romantics. â€Å"Melancholy† was quite the buzzword for the Romantic poets, and altered states of consciousness were often sought after in order to enhance one’s creative potential. There was a coincident downgrading of the importance and power of reason, clearly a reaction against the Enlightenment mode of thinking. Nevertheless, writers became gradually more invested in social causes as the period moved forward. Thanks largely to the Industrial Revolution, English society was undergoing the most severe paradigm shifts it had seen in living memory. The response of many early Romantics was to yearn for an idealized, simpler past. In particular, English Romantic poets had a strong connection with medievalism and mythology. The tales of King Arthur were especially resonant to their imaginations. On top of this, there was a clearly mystical quality to Romantic writing that sets it apart from other literary periods. Of course, not every Romantic poet or novelist displayed all, or even most of these traits all the time. On the formal  level, Romanticism witnessed a steady loosening of the rules of artistic expression that were pervasive during earlier times. The Neoclassical Period of the eighteenth century included very strict expectations regarding the structure and content of poetry. By the dawn of the nineteenth century, experimentation with new styles and subjects became much more acceptable. The high-flown language of the previous generation’s poets was replaced with more natural cadences and verbiage. In terms of poetic form, rhymed stanzas were slowly giving way to blank verse, an unrhymed but still rhythmic style of poetry. The purpose of blank verse was to heighten conversational speech to the level of austere beauty. Some criticized the new style as mundane, yet the innovation soon became the preferred style. One of the most popular themes of Romantic poetry was country life, otherwise known as pastoral poetry. Mythological and fantastic settings were also employed to great effect by many of the Romantic poets. Though struggling and unknown for the bulk of his life, poet and artist William Blake was certainly one of the most creative minds of his generation. He was well ahead of his time, predating the high point of English Romanticism by several decades. His greatest work was composed during the 1790s, in the shadow of the French Revolution, and that confrontation informed much of his creative process. Throughout his artistic career, Blake gradually built up a sort of personal mythology of creation and imagination. The Old and New Testaments were his source material, but his own sensibilities transfigured the Biblical stories and led to something entirely original and completely misunderstood by contemporaries. He attempted to woo patrons to his side, yet his unstable temper made him rather difficult to work with professionally. Some considered him mad. In addition to writing poetry of the first order, Blake was also a master engraver. His greatest contributions to Romantic literature were his self-published, quasi-mythological illustrated poetry collections. Gloriously colored and painstaking in their design, few of these were produced and fewer still survive to the present day. However, the craft and genius behind a work like The Marriage of Heaven and Hell cannot be ignored. If one could identify a single voice as the standard-bearer of Romantic sensibilities, that voice would belong to William Wordsworth. His publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798 is identified by many as the opening act of the Romantic Period in English literature. It was a hugely successful  work, requiring several reprinting over the years. The dominant theme of Lyrical Ballads was Nature, specifically the power of Nature to create strong impressions in the mind and imagination. The voice in Wordsworth’s poetry is observant, meditative and aware of the connection between living things and objects. There is the sense that past, present, and future all mix together in the human consciousness. One feels as though the poet and the landscape are in communion, each a partner in an act of creative production. Wordsworth quite deliberately turned his back on the Enlightenment traditions of poetry, specifically the work of Alexander Pope. He instead looked more to the Renaissance and the Classics of Greek and Latin epic poetry for inspiration. His work was noted for its accessibility. The undeniable commercial success of LyricalBallads does not diminish the profound effect it had on an entire generation of aspiring writers. In the United State, Romanticism found its voice in the poets and novelists of the American Renaissance. The beginnings of American Romanticism went back to the New England Transcendental Movement. The concentration on the individual mind gradually shifted from an optimistic brand of spiritualism into a more modern, cynical study of the underside of humanity. The political unrest in mid-nineteenth century America undoubtedly played a role in the development of a darker aesthetic. At the same time, strongly individualist religious traditions played a large part in the development of artistic creations. The Protestant work ethic, along with the popularity and fervor of American religious leaders, fed a literary output that was undergird with fire and brimstone. The middle of the nineteenth century has only in retrospect earned the label of the American Renaissance in literature. No one alive in the 1850s quite realized the flowering of creativity that was underway. In fact, the novelists who today are regarded as classic were virtually unknown during their lifetimes. The novelists working during this period, particularly Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville, were crafting dens ely symbolic and original pieces of literature that nonetheless relied heavily upon the example of English Romanticism. However, there work was in other respects a clean break with any permutation of Romanticism that had come before. There was a darkness to American Romanticism that was clearly distinct from the English examples of earlier in the century. Herman Melville died penniless and unknown, a failed writer who recognized his own  brilliance even when others did not. It would take the Modernists and their reappraisal of American arts and letters to resuscitate Melville’s literary corpus. In novels like Benito Cereno and Moby Dick, Melville employed a dense fabric of hinted meanings and symbols that required close reading and patience. Being well-read himself, Melville’s writing betrays a deep understanding of history, mythology, and religion. With Moby Dick, Melville displays his research acumen, as in the course of the novel the reader learns more than they thought possible about whales and whaling. The novel itself is dark, mysterious, and hints at the supernatural. Superficia lly, the novel is a revenge tale, but over and above the narrative are meditations of madness, power, and the nature of being human. Interestingly, the narrator in the first few chapters of the novel more or less disappears for most of the book. He is in a sense swallowed up by the mania of Captain Ahab and the crew. Although the novel most certainly held sway, poetry was not utterly silent during the flowering of American Romanticism. Arguably the greatest poet in American literary history was Walt Whitman, and he took his inspiration from many of the same sources as his fellows working in the novel. His publication of Leaves of Grass in 1855 marked a critical moment in the history of poetry. Whitman’s voice in his poetry was infused with the spirit of democracy. He attempted to include all people in all corners of the Earth within the sweep of his poetic vision. Like Blake, Whitman’s brand of poetics was cosmological and entirely unlike anything else being produced at the time. Like the rest of the poets in the Romantic tradition, Whitman coined new words, and brought a diction and rhythmic style t o verse that ran counter to the aesthetics of the last century. Walt Whitman got his start as a writer in journalism, and that documentary style of seeing the world permeated all his creative endeavors. In somewhat of a counterpoint to Whitman’s democratic optimism stands Edgar Allen Poe, today recognized as the most purely Romantic poet and short story writer of his generation. Poe crafted fiction and poetry that explored the strange side of human nature. The English Romantics had a fascination with the grotesque and of â€Å"strange† beauty, and Poe adopted this aesthetic perspective willingly. His sing-song rhythms and dreary settings earned him criticism on multiple fronts, but his creativity earned him a place in the first rank of American artists. He is credited as the inventor of detective fiction, and was likewise one of the  original masters of horror. A sometimes overlooked contribution, Poe’s theories on literature are often required reading for students of the art form. The master of symbolism in American litera ture was Nathaniel Hawthorne. Each of his novels represents worlds imbued with the power of suggestion and imagination. The Scarlet Letter is often placed alongside Moby Dick as one of the greatest novels in the English language. Not a single word is out of place, and the dense symbolism opens the work up to multiple interpretations. There are discussions of guilt, family, honor, politics, and society. There is also Hawthorne’s deep sense of history. Modern readers often believe that The Scarlet Letter was written during the age of the Puritans, but in fact Hawthorne wrote a story that was in the distant past even in his own time. Another trademark of the novel is its dabbling in the supernatural, even the grotesque. One gets the sense, for example, that maybe something is not quite right with Hester’s daughter Pearl. Nothing is what it appears to be in The Scarlet Letter, and that is the essence of Hawthorne’s particular Romanticism. Separate from his literary production, Hawthorne wrote expansively on literary theory and criticism. His theories exemplify the Romantic spirit in American letters at mid-century. He espoused the conviction that objects can hold significance deeper than their apparent meaning, and that the symbolic nature of reality was the most fertile ground for literature. In his short stories especially, Hawthorne explored the complex system of meanings and sensations that shift in and out of a person’s consciousness. Throughout his writings, one gets a sense of darkness, if not outright pessimism. There is the sense of not fully understanding the world, of not getting the entire picture no matter how hard one tries. In a story like â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† neither the reader nor the protagonist can distinguish reality from fantasy with any sureness. As has been argued, Romanticism as a literary sensibility never completely disappeared. It was overtaken by other aesthetic paradigms like Realism and Modernism, but Romanticism was always lurking under the surface. Many great poets and novelists of the twentieth century cite the Romantics as their greatest inspirational voices. The primary reason that Romanticism fell out of the limelight is because many writers felt the need to express themselves in a more immediate way. The Romantic poets were regarded as innovators, but a bit lost in their own imaginations. The real problems of  life in the world seemed to be pushed aside. As modernization continued unchecked, a more earthy kind of literature was demanded, and the Romantics simply did not fit that bill.